![]() ![]() ![]() Substances are administered to laboratory animals by a wide variety of routes. The second part of this review examines dosing equipment and apparatus needed for substance delivery, considerations for selecting vehicles, and solute preparation and handling. 22, 102, 106 This article is the first of a 2-part review of substance delivery to laboratory animals and summarizes recommended practices for various routes of administration to a range of species and factors to consider during experimental planning. In addition, research teams should be aware of potential adverse effects related to substance administration to avoid confounding effects with other aspects of study design and to permit accurate interpretation of research findings.Īlthough understanding the basic pharmacology of any administered therapeutic or chemical agent is important for experimental planning, it is beyond the scope of this article to review principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and readers are referred to several excellent texts dealing with these subjects. Specific considerations for delivery of substances to animals are numerous and include factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of therapeutic or chemical agents route, volume, and frequency of administration duration of treatment pH, stability, homogeneity, and osmolality of the substance to be administered selection of vehicle or solvent for delivering substances that cannot be administered in a solid or particulate state solution preparation, including considerations for sterility if the substance is being administered parenterally and dosing apparatus and animal restraint necessary for specific routes of delivery. Because substances may be administered repeatedly to the same animal or to multiple animals on the same study, the dosing methodology is an important consideration when planning an experiment and during protocol review by animal care and use committees and represents an essential opportunity for refining treatment of research subjects. Administered substances may include: infectious disease agents various therapeutics, such as vaccinations, antimicrobials, pharmacologic agents, anesthetics, and analgesics chemical test agents radiocontrast agents electrolytes and other fluids and nutritive support. Administration of substances to laboratory animals is often a critical component of experimental design. ![]()
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